Teenage Pregnancy Essays (1809 words) - Midwifery, Human Development

Teenage Pregnancy Although the rate of teenage pregnancy in the United States has declined greatly within the past few years, it is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. These rates are still higher in the 1990's than they were only a decade ago. The United State's teenage birthrate exceeds that of most other industrialized nations, even though American teenagers are no more sexually active than teenagers are in Canada or Europe. (Gormly 348) Recent statistics concerning the teen birthrates are alarming. About 560,000 teenage girls give birth each year. Almost one-sixth of all births in the United States are to teenage women are to teenage women. Eight in ten of these births resulted from unintended pregnancies. (Gormly 347) By the age of eighteen, one out of four teenage girls will have become pregnant. (Newman 679) Although the onset of pregnancy may occur in any teenager, some teens are at higher risk for unplanned pregnancy than others. Teenagers who become sexually active at an earlier age are at a greater risk primarily because young teenagers are less likely to use birthcontrol. African-American and Hispanic teenagers are twice as likely to give birth as are white teenagers. Whites are more likely to have abortions. Teenagers who come from poor neighborhoods and attend segregated schools are at a high risk for pregnancy. Also, teenagers who are doing poorly in school and have few plans for the future are more likely to become parents than those who are doing well and have high educationsl and occupational expectations. Although the rate of teenage pregnancy is higher among low- income African-Americans and Hispanics, especially those in inner city ghettoes, the number of births to teenagers is highest among white, nonpoor young women who live in small cities and towns. (Calhoun 309) In addition to the question of which teenagers become pregnant, interest is shown in the social consequences of early parenthood. Adolescent parents (mostly mothers) may find that they have a "lost or limited opportunity for education." (Johnson 4) The higher a woman's level of education, the more likely she is to postpone marriage and childbearing. Adolescents with little schooling are often twice as likely as those with more education to have a baby bafore their twentieth birthday. Some 58% of young women in the United States who receive less than a high school education give birth by the time they are twenty years old, compared with 13% of young women who complete at least twelve years of schooling. (Tunick 11) Teens who become pregnant during high school are more likely to drop out. (Calhoun 310) A teen mother leaves school because she cannot manage the task of caring for a baby and studying, and a teen father usually chooses a job over school so that he can pay bills and provide for his child. (Johnson 4) Teen mothers usually have fewer resources than older mothers because they have had less time to gather savings or build up their "productivity" through work experience, education, or training. (Planned Parenthood 1) Because of this, teen mothers are generally poor and are dependent on government support. (Newman 679) The welfare system is usually the only support a teen parent will receive. Welfare benefits are higher for families with absent fathers or dependent children. (Calhoun 309) In some cases, teen mothers may also receive help like Medicaid, Food Stamps, and "Aid to Families with Dependent Children" (AFDC). (Newman 679) Besides educational and financial problems, teenage mothers may face a great deal of emotional strain and may become very stressed. Teen mothers may have limited social contacts and friendships because they do not have time for anything other than their baby. Lack of a social life and time for herself may cause the teenage mother to become depressed or have severe mental anxiety. (Johnson 5) Depression may become worse for a teenage mother because she usually does not know much about child development or about how to care for their children. Children who are born to teenage mothers usually suffer from poor parenting. (Berk 188) Also, children of teenage parents start being sexually active before their peers and they are more likely to become teenage parents themselves. These children may also suffer from financial difficulties similar to that of their parents. "Children whose mothers are age seventeen or younger are three times as likely as their peers to be poor, and are likely to stay poor for a longer period of time." (Calhoun 311) The children born to teenage mothers sometimes score lower on development tests than the children

Definition of Secession

Definition of Secession Secession was the act by which a state left the Union. The Secession Crisis of late 1860 and early 1861 led to the Civil War when southern states seceded from the Union and declared themselves a separate nation, the Confederate States of America. There is no provision for secession in the U.S. Constitution. Threats to secede from the Union had arisen for decades, and during the Nullification Crisis three decades earlier it appeared that South Carolina might try to break away from the Union. Even earlier, the Hartford Convention of 1814-15 was a gathering of New England states which considered breaking away from the Union. South Carolina Was the First State to Secede Following the election of Abraham Lincoln, southern states began to make more serious threats to secede. The first state to secede was South Carolina, which passed an Ordinance of Secession on December 20, 1860. The document was brief, essentially a paragraph which stated that South Carolina was leaving the Union. Four days later, South Carolina issued a â€Å"Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Justified the Secession of South Carolina from the Union.† South Carolinas declaration made it abundantly clear that the reason for secession was the desire to preserve slavery. South Carolina’s declaration noted that a number of states wouldnt fully enforce fugitive slave laws; that a number of states had â€Å"denounced as sinful the institution of slavery†; and that â€Å"societies,† meaning abolitionist groups, had been allowed to operate openly in many states. The declaration from South Carolina also referred specifically to the election of Abraham Lincoln, stating that his opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. Other Slave States Followed South Carolina After South Carolina seceded, other states also broke from the Union, including Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas in January 1861; Virginia in April 1861; and Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina in May 1861. Missouri and Kentucky were also considered to be part of the Confederate States of America, though they never issued documents of secession.

California State Prison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

California State Prison - Research Paper Example Hence, all of the California’s State Prisons are equipped with the highest security and major facilities. The State Prison is designed as multi-mission institutions with high level and minimum security. They have the working facilities of soap manufacturing, laundry with other major improving conveniences relating to health care, rehabilitation and education, self-improvement, vocational and psychiatric needs (Stephan, 2004). Population California State, having the second largest Police Department makes not mistake in bringing the offenders to the prisons. During the first six years of the 21st century the population peaked till 173,000 inmates but finally started to go down and ended up around 163,000 by the year 2010. Due to the over flowing population capacity of the prison, the Supreme Court ordered to either transfer or release around 30,000 prisoners by the end of year 2013. It was a necessary step taken in order to maintain the conditions of the State Prison. Due to thi s management the small offenders are sent to small local custodies than state prison, which shows a great 12% decrease in the population, which is about 141,000 inmates by the end of February, 2012. The population around the State Prison is also aging, with only 13% prisoners under the age of 25. This is majorly due to two factors. The first being the overall age of California State population is getting older, and secondly people are sentenced to more years in the prison (Hayes, 2012). Women constitute only 5% of the State Prison population under less crime intensity. Yet the overall population of State Prison constitutes of a major population of African Americans, about 5 times as much as any other race (Hayes, 2012). Budget Four of the California’s State Prisons in Solano, LA, Sacramento, and Corcoran runs under the collective budget of 719.4 Million Dollars. This includes the budget for the facilities of education, health care, and institution. Even with this budget the C alifornia State Prison needs more rooms and a larger bed count as most of the prisons are much over their designed capacity. California having the largest population in the United States equally spends the most on its inmates as well, with an estimate of 16000$ annually spent just on health care of each inmate (census 2008-2009) which is more than thrice of Texas which spends less than 4000$ per inmate in a year (Hayes, 2012). Level of surveillance The California State Prison works under the special level of security which enables them to categorize the prisoners accordingly. Level 1: Open dormitories with no secure perimeter. Level 2: The dormitories are open but with secure perimeter and armed coverage. Level 3: It included personal cells with fences perimeters along with armed coverage throughout the area. Level 4: Along with individual cells, the perimeters are fenced or walled with high security and more staff. The guards protect the inside and the outside the prison area. Secu rity Housing Unit (SHU): This area comes under the level 4 security level, that includes inmates that are confirmed prison gang members, bosses and high tension victims are kept under surveillance at all times. Reception Center (RC): This is the short term housing facility that enables the state prison to identify on which level the prisoner should be housed. Condemned (Cond): The

Mid Term Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mid Term - Essay Example 2. The novel is a book written in prose where the writer tries to sketch a picture of ordinary life. The novella is considered a shorter piece of prose, also referred to as a short novel. The difference between them is not the content which can range from the different genres of fiction: romance or history, but the size of the work. Thus, both the novel and novella seek to present a prose piece of work that is different only in its size. 3. Tolstoy presents his character in a light that is despicable for the reader. This character sketch can only be drawn because of the sequential turn of events in Ivan Ilych’s life. The momentum set up by the writer is vital in achieving the true goal of the story: a revelation into the life of Ivan Ilych. Had the story been written differently with the colleagues and wake scene being given last the epiphany that is reveal too Ivan would have been lost. The story allows for the reader to better understand the character’s change in opinion about life. 4. The suspense of the novel originates from the reader’s desire to better understand the reason behind Ivan’s death. As the story continues the reader notices the suffering in Ilych’s life. While the character had to understand his life’s failures now it’s coupled with physical pain which worsens with his loneliness and hatred. The suspense is created with because of the beginning which makes the reader wonder: will Ivan reconcile with his death or will the story end happily. 5. An instance of the torment Ivan puts his family through is evident in his widow’s description of his last days â€Å"He screamed unceasingly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Oh what I have suffered!† A grieving widow should remember the good qualities instead she chooses to remember the relentless nights she suffered with her husband’s illness. Peter Ivanovich on the other hand is mortified by the idea of death itself â€Å"death was an accident natural to Ivan Ilych but certainly not to

Question x 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question x 2 - Essay Example In somewhat similar way, the same technology also permits unwarranted communications, especially copies of official communications mailed by insecure people, whether such copies are relevant to the mailed people or not. Not everyone indulges in faceless abuses on the Internet, and in a similar manner not everyone in a work environment is a coward. Most people realize the positive power of technology and harness it beneficially. It is a matter of behavior. People with emotional or issues need to be identified and appropriate methods devised to inculcate proper behavior. This may be in the form of counseling and training, especially with respect to expression of inner fears or venting out stress. This is best done by skillfully identifying the underlying causes and giving a chance to speak up, in private. i) Line functions are directly responsible for reaching organizational goals in terms of production or marketing that result directly bring in revenues. Staff managers are experts in their fields and advise line managers and hence are support functions (Line and staff functions, 2010). It is the hierarchical heads of the line functions that manage a business at the corporate level as well as at the functional head levels. ii) Internal customers do not generate revenues; only the external customers do. Hence, the latter are more important. Having said that, it is noted that internal customers create value and hence are important. For example, for the design engineer ( a staff function) the production manager and the marketing manager (both of which are line functions) are internal customers and the efficiency with which a design is created in terms of material use, processing and application will determine the production costs as well as customer satisfaction. iii) No. Creating a black box only enhances the employee apprehension and may even give rise to acts of settling personal

Quotation About Best Practice In Supervision Social Work Essay

Quotation About Best Practice In Supervision Social Work Essay Koster (2003) stated that supervision leads to a mental and emotional education that can guide practical work, frees fixed patterns of experience and behaviour and promotes the willingness as well as the ability to act suitably, carefully and courageously(p1). This essay will explore Kosters quotation about best practice in supervision, in relation to supervision in the area of counselling. This essay will also identify the benefits and difficulties of supervision, in regards to counselling, that can arise in supervision. Examples from a personal perspective will be presented on how supervision throughout work experience enabled difficult situations to be handled. Furthermore, an analysis of how effectively supervision was conducted throughout work experience, as well as personal suggestions on improvements of supervision in that work setting. Kosters quote does speak truth as supervision can lead to all sorts of positive and negative developments (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007). In particular he claims that it can lead to mental and emotional education that guides practical work, frees from fixed patterns of experience and behaviours. Supervision in counselling is very vital as it aims to increase self-awareness and enhances professional competence which will guide the supervisee throughout their work in a confident manner (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007), which is similar to what Koster is trying to state. The goal of supervision is primarily about the supervisees developmental growth and professional awareness (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007). Which again leads back to Kosters quote about how supervision leads to development; and that development of experience will guide the supervisee throughout their work in counselling. Thorough supervision, the supervisee will grow, reflect and develop in their professional and personal skills. It is through these developments that will alter their behaviour that will eventually guide them through their work to act in a suitable, careful and courageously; throughout their career in counselling. Which in return, is vital for a counsellor as his or her mental and emotional education needs to continually develop, and this can be accelerated through supervision. It can be said that a number of individuals and organisations can benefit from quality clinical supervision. Quality supervision is about making sure the client is not being harmed and is being assisted to accomplish established goals in competently appropriate ways, the receiver of counselling services is the first to benefit (Page Wosket, 1994). The majority of the conversation in supervisory sessions centres on interventions being used for the client and advance to how the supervisee is stressed with various parts of the case. While the supervisor is interacting, clarifying, explaining, educating, supporting and coming up with helpful professional interventions, another person is benefiting from this while interacting back to their supervisor the supervisee. As Pelling, Bowers, and Armstrong (2007) suggests: This is where the supervisees scope of practice, expertise and insight is being intentionally and incrementally expanded. Engaging supervisors in the struggle for understanding is valuable for deep learning to occur. In this sense it is the clinical material that is the teacher, not just the supervisor themselves. Supervision can insulate the supervisee from work-related stress, variously referred as burn-out. (p. 126) In addition, if the supervisee is an apprentice from an educational establishment, the organisation itself benefits with the development of a more proficient and safe practitioner (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007). This gives the organisation an excellent reputation for supporting and appropriately training the people in their charge in a professional manner, hence supervision being provided by the organisation benefits the organisation with a good positive professional reputation. Last of all, the clinical supervisor gains a great deal from offering supervision. While they support the supervisees, their understanding of clinical work, knowledge, experience, the world and themselves develops a great deal and the sense of fulfilment of being additive to so many is indeed rewarding and satisfying (Pelling, Bowers Armstrong, 2007). Supervision can be a valuable constructive learning tool, but at times difficulties in supervision can make it a negative experience. Moskowitz and Rupert (1983) found in their research, within USA, that supervisees reported that 38% of those surveyed claimed that there had been difficulties and conflict in their supervision that interfered with their learning. Their research further found that there are three major areas of difficulties and conflict that arise in supervision: theoretical orientation, style of supervision and personality issues (Moskowitz Rupert, 1983). Differences in theoretical orientation may lead to difficulties and conflict in supervision (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). In various organisations, supervisees may not have a choice of a supervisor and may perhaps end up getting supervised by somebody who has a different theoretical to their own. For example, a supervisor may be convinced of the rightness of their orientation and is not ready to accept interference that arise from a different school of psychology. These differences in theoretical orientation are a common problem in supervision and it may lead to rifts between the supervisor and supervisee, therefore failing to negotiate differences of this kind (Holloway, 1995). Secondly, difficulties and conflicts may arise in supervision when it comes to the style of supervision. Some supervisors have a formal style whilst others have an informal style of approach (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). There are four unsatisfactory styles of supervision that cause conflicts and difficulties: constrictive supervision; amorphous supervision; unsupportive supervision; and therapeutic supervision (Abott, 1984). In the constructive type, there is limited autonomy. In the amorphous type, there is very little supervisory contribution and the supervisor may have a somewhat laissez faire outlook to the entire process, where whatever happens goes. Unsupportive supervisors are unfriendly and distant and supervisees would not willingly approach them with their difficulties. Therapeutic supervision transforms the supervisee into a patient while the supervisor takes on the position of the therapist often in a persistent and pushy manner that infantilizes the supervisee (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). The last style of supervision that causes conflict and difficulties is known as personality issues. This is when there is a personality clash between the supervisor and supervisee which can result to a rupture in the supervisory alliance (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). These ruptures are often caused by confusion in communication, for example the supervisor may misinterpret something the supervisee has said in a negative way. Furthermore, the rapture may be simply be caused by the supervisees own defensiveness. An example would be that the supervisee may act defensively when the supervisor gives feedback, therefore causing a strain in the supervision relationship. Supervision is a valuable tool for a supervisee when they are having difficulty dealing with their client in an effective professional manner. Whatever the problem is, in regards to the well-being of the client, the supervisee can discuss these issues throughout supervision in order to uncover helpful interventions in dealing with the matter (Wosket, 1999). An example from work experience in which supervision enabled to deal effectively with a difficult situation, is when there was a client who brought up an issue that was difficult to handle. The reason the issue was difficult to handle is because there was limited knowledge in that area and there was no confidence in dealing with the matter. So in order to deal with this dilemma, it was brought up to the attention to the supervisor throughout the supervision session. Throughout the supervision session the supervisor, listened to the dilemma and asked explorative questions, made encouraging statements and shared self- disclosure. She also in return, working the supervisee, came up with interventions to put together in order for the supervisee to handle the struggling case. The supervisor clarified the problem to the supervisee and explored potential explanations and interventions for the supervisee to consider. The supervisee filled in the gaps of the knowledge and asked the supervisee to reflect and explore options on how he will put the explored interventions in to action. The supervisor also used modelling and role-plays to show the supervisee on how they might be able to assist their client. So through supervision, the supervisors challenges and confrontations facilitated the supervisees critical reflection and learning, hence this gave confidence to the supervisee to handle and deal with their difficult situation. A concise breakdown will currently be offered on how efficiently supervision was carried right through work experience. Supervision was conducted effectively because the supervisor followed a significant process in order for supervision to function at its best. The initial supervision session is when the supervisor clarified what the supervisee has done in the past in regards to practice and supervision, and asks where they would like assistance. When it came to the daily supervision sessions, it was noted at times that the supervisor would follow a process right from beginning to end. When the supervisee had an issue, it would be looked thoroughly. Issues discussed in supervision included: intervention strategies and future plans; counsellor professional development; supervisee client alliance and boundaries; client issues and goal setting; supervisor supervisee relationship; ethical and legal issues; and so on. Once the issue were discussed, the supervisor would ask a series of structured questions in order to gain clarification, as well as allowing the supervisee to reflect and offload. Such helpful questions included: What are you feeling and views about the issue?; Where do you feel most confused?; what kind of help would you like?; and what are the key details I need to know about the case?. Furthermore, during supervision the supervisor and supervisee took notes during sessions to have an ongoing record of plans, themes, struggles, clients discussed, learning and progress. Once the issue was discussed and the supervisor asked her questions, the supervisor would then encourage the supervisee to: understand the problem; find links among the information; develop a treatment plan to put into practice; and create a working proposition (Carroll Gilbert, 2006). Towards the end of every supervision session, the supervisor would give feed back as well as ask for verbal feedback back from the supervisee. The supervisor would ask something as simple as How was our session for you today? or Was this session valuable or unbeneficial to you today? Summing up, supervision was conducted effectively because the supervisor followed a valuable process throughout the sessions. Apart from following an effective process, the supervisor herself was encouraging, respectful, genuine, empathetic, and self-disclosed, which as a result added further to the effectiveness of supervision. From personal experience, the supervision that took place during work placement cannot be faulted. However, there is lack of knowledge of how the other supervisors function in their role, as during placement only one supervisor was given to work closely with. Focusing purely on the supervisor provided with, her name being Amy, she was nothing but professional, educated and friendly. One could suggest that Amy is the ideal supervisor as throughout work placement she always showed respect, genuineness, empathy and was always encouraging. She was also concrete and showed a great deal self-disclosure throughout supervision. As stated, Amy would be the ideal supervisor as her supervision qualities match what Carifo and Hess found in their research in what makes an ideal supervisor. Carifo and Hess (1987) found that the ideal supervisor is a person who shows respect, empathy, genuineness, concreteness and self-disclosure in his or her dealings with supervisees (p.247). So as one can see, supervision cannot be faulted as it was nothing other but a positive learning experience, with the help of a true professional supervisor who knew how to function in her role. Therefore, it is too complex to come up with suggestions for improvements for supervision in the work setting because it just worked to well in order to suggest any changes. Supervision may have its benefits and difficulties, but it is those experiences a supervisee needs to experience in order to develop their mental and emotional experience. It is these developments and experiences that allow the individual to be able to learn and handle future challenges in their area of counselling. With the right supervisor, as well as having regular supervision sessions that are conducted effectively, it will consequently transform the supervisee into a stronger counsellor who is willing to learn, act suitably, carefully and courageously; throughout their counselling career.

Melvilles Trimurti Essay -- Moby Dick Herman Melville Literature Essa

Melville's Trimurti Throughout Moby Dick, Herman Melville offers his reader a mà ©lange of foreign curiosities and exotic points of interest that add both depth and texture to the narrative. The abundance of such exotica, however, can prove overwhelming, and many of the novel's briefly noted yet remarkably important cultural signposts get lost in the mix. Often overlooked, Melville's use of Hindu imagery not only lends a sense of mysticism to the novel, but also helps to define the dynamic that operates between Ishmael, Ahab, and Moby Dick. Understanding this dynamic offers insight into Melville's efforts at defining the novel as an art form as well as his attempts at casting the roles of author, reader, and novel in relationship to each other.i The reader's initiation into Hindu culture begins sublimely, and in the most Christian of settings, in a chapel. Deeply moved by the cold, stone tablets commemorating those who have died at sea, Ishmael goes on to invoke the foreign religion: Oh! ye whose dead lie buried beneath the green grass; who standing among flowers can say--here, here lies my beloved; ye know not the desolation that broods in bosoms like these. What bitter blanks in those black-bordered marbles which cover no ashes! What despair in those immovable inscriptions! What deadly voids and unbidden infidelities in the lines that seem to gnaw upon all Faith, and refuse resurrections to the beings who have placelessly perished without a grave. As well might those tablets stand in the cave of Elephanta as here. (64) As well might those tablets stand in the cave? As well might we! Here, the power of the written word is such that Ishmael can transport the reader from the domestic tranquillity ... ...al Sources for the Study of Hinduism. New Jersey: Barnes and Noble, 1988. Organ, Troy Wilson. The Hindu Quest for the Perfection of Man. Ohio: Ohio UP, 1980. Sharma, Brijendra Nath. Iconography of Sadasiva. New Delhi: Abhinav, 1976. Notes i Although H. Bruce Franklin argues against Melville's use of Hindu mythology in Moby Dick, favoring instead Egyptian mythology, H.B. Kulkarni thoroughly answers each of Franklin's objections, suggesting that "Moby Dick has room enough not only for Hindu and Egyptian myths, but many more" (Kulkarni 6). ii That is, Ishmael shapes the course of the drama as it exists on the page. To suggest that Ishmael shapes events as they occur on the ship would cast doubt on his veracity as a narrator. iii Indeed, "Call me Ishmael" invites the reader to engage in a fairly intimate relationship with the narrator.

Retail Calculator

package retail. calculator; import java. awt. *; import java. awt. event. *; import java. text. DecimalFormat; import javax. swing. *; public class RetailCalculator extends JFrame { //create ojects JLabel department; JLabel number; JLabel name; JLabel price; JLabel discount; JLabel sale; JComboBox dept; JTextField itemNum; JTextField itemName; JTextField itemPrice; JTextField itemDisc; JTextField salePrice; JButton calculate; JButton clear; public RetailCalculator() { //set object variables super(â€Å"Retail Sales Calculator†); //window title setSize(250, 250); //set window size etDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame. EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //window close GridLayout grid = new GridLayout(7, 2); setLayout(grid); department = new JLabel(â€Å"Department†); dept = new JComboBox(); dept. addItem(â€Å"Select†); dept. addItem(â€Å"Apperal†); dept. addItem(â€Å"Automotive†); dept. addItem(â€Å"Cosmetics†); dept. addItem(â€Å"Jewlry†); dept. addItem(â €Å"Pets†); dept. addItem(â€Å"Pharmacy†); //add ItemListener†¦ combobox and jtextfield dept. addItemListener(new ItemListener() { public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) { String str = (String)dept. getSelectedItem(); itemNum. setText(str); //end public void }); //end item listener number = new JLabel(â€Å"Item Number†); itemNum = new JTextField(10); name = new JLabel(â€Å"Item Name†); itemName = new JTextField(10); price = new JLabel(â€Å"Original Price†); itemPrice = new JTextField(10); discount = new JLabel(â€Å"Discount†); itemDisc = new JTextField(10); sale = new JLabel(â€Å"Sale Price†); salePrice = new JTextField(10); salePrice. setEditable(false); calculate = new JButton(â€Å"Calculate†); clear = new JButton(â€Å"Clear†); //add objects to JFrame add(department); add(dept); add(number); add(itemNum); add(name); add(itemName); dd(price); add(itemPrice); add(discount); add(itemDisc); add(sale); add( salePrice); add(calculate); add(clear); //add event listener to calculate sale price calculate. addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent retail) { String input1; String input2; double origPrice; double percOff; double clearance; input1 = itemPrice. getText(); input2 = itemDisc. getText(); origPrice = Double. parseDouble(input1); percOff = Double. parseDouble(input2)/100; clearance = origPrice – (origPrice * percOff); DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat(â€Å"$#,###. #†); salePrice. setText(df. clearance); //output to jtextfield } }); //clear feilds clear. addActionListener (new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { //JButton event dept. setSelectedIndex(0); //clear itemNum. setText(null); //clear item number itemName. setText(null); //clear item name itemPrice. setText(null); //clear item name itemDisc. setText(null); //clear item name salePrice. setText(null); //clear item name } }); setVisible(tru e); } public static void main(String[] args) { RetailCalculator rc = new RetailCalculator(); } }

Re-Election Rates for Members of Congress

Re-Election Rates for Members of Congress The re-election rate for members of Congress is exceptionally high considering how unpopular the institution is in the eyes of the public. If youre looking for steady work, you might consider running for office yourself; job security is especially strong for members of the House of Representatives even though a significant portion of the electorate supports terms limits.   How often do members of Congress actually lose an election? Not very. Almost Certain to Keep Their Jobs Incumbent members of the House seeking re-election are all but assured re-election. The re-election rate among all 435 members of the House has been as high as 98 percent in modern history, and its rarely dipped below  90 percent.   The late Washington Post political columnist David Broder referred to this phenomenon as incumbent lock and blamed gerrymandered congressional districts for eliminating any notion of competition in general elections.   But there are other reasons the re-election rate for members of Congress is so high. With wide name recognition, and usually an insurmountable advantage in campaign cash, House incumbents typically have little trouble holding onto their seats, explains the Center for Responsive Politics, a nonpartisan watchdog group in Washington. In addition, there are other built-in protections for congressional incumbents: the ability to regularly mail flattering newsletters to constituents at taxpayer expense under the guise of constituent outreach and to earmark money for pet projects in their districts. Members of Congress who raise money for their colleagues are also rewarded with large amounts of campaign money for their own campaigns, making even more difficult to unseat incumbents. So how difficult is it?  Ã‚   List of Re-Election Rates For House Members By Year Heres a look at the re-election rates for members of the House of Representatives going back to the 1900 congressional election. On only four occasions did more than 20 percent of incumbents seeking re-election actually lose their races. The most recent such election was in 1948, when Democratic presidential nominee Harry S. Truman campaigned against a do-nothing Congress. The wave election resulted in a massive turnover in Congress, one that rewarded Democrats with 75 more seats in the House. Prior to that, the only  election that resulted in a substantial ouster of incumbents was in 1938, amid a recession and soaring unemployment. Republicans picked up 81 seats in Democratic President Franklin Roosevelts  midterm election. Take note that some of the lowest re-election rates occur in the midterm elections. The political party whose president occupies the White House often sustains large losses in the House. In 2010, for example, the re-election rate for members of the House dipped to 85 percent; it was two years after Democrat Barack Obama was elected president. His party lost a whopping 52 seats in the House in 2010.   Re-election Rates for House Members Election Year Percentage of Incumbents Re-elected 2018 91% 2016 97% 2014 95% 2012 90% 2010 85% 2008 94% 2006 94% 2004 98% 2002 96% 2000 98% 1998 98% 1996 94% 1994 90% 1992 88% 1990 96% 1988 98% 1986 98% 1984 95% 1982 91% 1980 91% 1978 94% 1976 96% 1974 88% 1972 94% 1970 95% 1968 97% 1966 88% 1964 87% 1962 92% 1960 93% 1958 90% 1956 95% 1954 93% 1952 91% 1950 91% 1948 79% 1946 82% 1944 88% 1942 83% 1940 89% 1938 79% 1936 88% 1934 84% 1932 69% 1930 86% 1928 90% 1926 93% 1924 89% 1922 79% 1920 82% 1918 85% 1916 88% 1914 80% 1912 82% 1910 79% 1908 88% 1906 87% 1904 87% 1902 87% 1900 88% Resources and Further Reading â€Å"Reelection Rates Over the Years.† OpenSecrets.org, The Center for Responsive Politics. Huckabee, David C. â€Å"Reelection Rates of House Incumbents: 1790-1994.† Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress, 1995.

Free Essays on Viewing Violence

In recent years, the news has seemed to mimic violence that appears in television and in movies. Several incidents support the majority of people’s assumption that TV violence effects a child’s behavior in many ways. A child’s judgment is hurt badly by viewing TV violence, which can have some serious long-term effects. First of all, when children see characters on TV or in movies triumph by using physical force, they begin to see violence as an acceptable way of resolving conflicts. As a result, children use physical or verbal abuse toward others on the playground or at school. Some parents often worry that their children will not fit in with their friends if they do not watch popular children’s television programs. The same 20-year research tell us that children who watch more violent television are actually rated more poorly by their peers. Also, according to Dr. Jeanne Beckman, children who spend more time watching violent TV programming are rated more poorly by their teachers, their peers, have few problem-solving skills, and are more likely to get into trouble with the law as teenagers and young adults. Take for instance the young boy who opened fire at his school in Pearl, Mississippi. The movie the Basketball Diaries had the most effect on this boy. Children who view too much media violence may have more difficulty getting along with others. If children do not see acts of kindness between other children and adults, they are less likely to be kind, or resolve their conflicts peacefully. This makes other children less eager to play with them. Along with verbal abuse, violent TV programs do not teach good language skills. Young children tend to repeat things they hear as they begin to develop their own vocabularies. Violent movies and TV programs show children a very limited way to talk about their problems and to solve them. Children are visual learners and television is more visual, more salient,... Free Essays on Viewing Violence Free Essays on Viewing Violence In recent years, the news has seemed to mimic violence that appears in television and in movies. Several incidents support the majority of people’s assumption that TV violence effects a child’s behavior in many ways. A child’s judgment is hurt badly by viewing TV violence, which can have some serious long-term effects. First of all, when children see characters on TV or in movies triumph by using physical force, they begin to see violence as an acceptable way of resolving conflicts. As a result, children use physical or verbal abuse toward others on the playground or at school. Some parents often worry that their children will not fit in with their friends if they do not watch popular children’s television programs. The same 20-year research tell us that children who watch more violent television are actually rated more poorly by their peers. Also, according to Dr. Jeanne Beckman, children who spend more time watching violent TV programming are rated more poorly by their teachers, their peers, have few problem-solving skills, and are more likely to get into trouble with the law as teenagers and young adults. Take for instance the young boy who opened fire at his school in Pearl, Mississippi. The movie the Basketball Diaries had the most effect on this boy. Children who view too much media violence may have more difficulty getting along with others. If children do not see acts of kindness between other children and adults, they are less likely to be kind, or resolve their conflicts peacefully. This makes other children less eager to play with them. Along with verbal abuse, violent TV programs do not teach good language skills. Young children tend to repeat things they hear as they begin to develop their own vocabularies. Violent movies and TV programs show children a very limited way to talk about their problems and to solve them. Children are visual learners and television is more visual, more salient,...

HRM and Organizational Turnaround at Selfridges & Co Coursework - 1

HRM and Organizational Turnaround at Selfridges & Co - Coursework Example This paper illustrates that the Selfridges Ð ¡ompany was originally a part of the ‘Sears Group’ and was described as the personification of another organization called Grace Brothers after acquiring of an old-fashioned, stuffy image in 1980 and 1990s. However, the organization failed to grow stronger because of the lack of logistics support, lack of knowledge about supply chain relationships, minimum use of technology and an extremely hierarchical and complicated organizational structure. The company underwent rapid transformation since 1990 when the new chief executive Vittorio Radice was born. With this, the original management team was replaced by a new senior management team. This management team was responsible for the creation and implementation of new HR practices and policies which will be discussed in the project. Special emphasis would be provided with regards to the management and leadership styles in Selfridges and the role played by the team leaders of the organization for making it successful. Selfridges was established in the Oxford Street on the 15th of March, 1909 with the focus on department stores and retailing institutions. The history of the company is unique because of the history and background of the company. It began as a small shop which was designed to become a departmental store. The organizational culture of the company was such where decisions were primarily taken by the management and leaders; however, they were designed to bring the maximum benefit to the employees. The company had the vision of emerging as the most exciting and best chain of departmental stores in Europe. This would be done by meeting the requirements and needs of customers through the delivery of the best quality of services and the development of the maximum operational efficiency. HR policies and procedures at Trafford Parks Recruitment At Trafford Park, the maximum responsibility, and authority were provided to the HR department. They even had the complete autonomy to create its own HR policies and procedures. The opening of the store was done with the recruitment of 650 numbers of staff and their training as well. Candidates were recruited on the basis of their knowledge about the company’s product and their abilities to create a relationship with their customers and building bonds with them by gaining their loyalty. Candidates with experience in retail were recruited. However, very few of the candidates were transferred from London. A critical analysis of the situation reveals that the recruitment procedure was not sound as many people were not able or willing to adapt to the new human resource procedures in the organization. It is important that the recruitment procedure is sound in order to ensure that the right kind of staff is selected who can contribute to the organization effectively.

Parking Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parking Economics - Essay Example Legal barriers restrict competition through methods such as patents or copyrights, public franchise and government licenses (Duffy 119). Price discrimination and a single price markets are the two main price strategies utilized in monopolies. For most monopolies, low prices facilitate larger output; therefore, single price strategy is efficient in determining output and price. Single price monopoly involves selling its entire output unit at similar prices to all customers. This strategy builds on the flux in demand for goods. In an elastic environment, single price monopoly works best by increasing the production of a unit and reducing the selling price thereby, increasing marginal revenue that translates to profits. However, in a rigid demand market setting, fall of price in the output translates to decrease in total revenue. In such markets, monopolies reduce the number of units produced and increase the price of each unit. This will decrease the total cost but increase the income profits (Duffy 120). In a perfect competition market, equilibrium occurs when the demand is equal to supply in regard to unit quantity and price. On the other hand, equilibrium in a single price monopoly markets occurs when the marginal revenue and the marginal cost are equal. Monopoly equilibrium relies on a higher price smaller output strategy. Perfect market competition is more efficient than a monopoly market because the marginal social benefits and the marginal social costs are equal. This equilibrium describes the maximization of consumer surplus and producer surplus hence production of efficient output. Firms that run a monopoly are not able to get maximum outputs from the available inputs. In summary, marginal social benefit exceeds marginal social cost leading to dead weight loss. However, this discrepancy can be averted through rent seeking which is the process of redirecting the surplus from a